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| Test parameters | Methodology adopted | Applicability | |
PHYSICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS |
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| Refraction | Sieve test | Flour | |
| Insect infestation | Visual observation | Cereals, pulses | |
| Admixture | Visual observation | Cereals, pulses | |
| Colour on Lovibond scale | Lovibond Tintometer | Oil, fat, | |
| Bellier turbidity temperature | Visual | Oils | |
| Optical rotation | Polarimeter | Sugar, Syrup, Oil & fat | |
| Refractive Index | Abbe Refractometer | Oil & fat, Sugar syrup | |
| Scorched particles | Scorched particle tester | Milk powder | |
| pH | Digital pH meter | Most of food products | |
| Specific gravity | Specific gravity bottle | Oils, Alcoholic beverages | |
| Microscopic Examination | Compound Microscope | Honey, Starch products | |
| Water absorption capacity | Remi Centrifuge | Fiber, Protein | |
| Oil absorption capacity | Remi Centrifuge | Fiber, protein | |
| Falling Number | Falling Number Apparatus | Wheat flour | |
| Elasticity & Extensibility of Dough | Alveo-Consistograph | Wheat flour | |
| Viscosity | Hoake viscometer Ostwald viscometer Brookefield viscometer | Fat & oil, fruit pulp | |
CHEMICAL PARAMETERS |
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| Moisture | Hot air oven Vacuum oven Karl Fischer titer Dean & Stark |
Most of the food products, Animal feeds | |
| Fat or oil | Chemical | Most of the food products, Animal feeds | |
| Protein | Chemical | Most of the food products, Animal feeds | |
| Starch | Chemical | Starch containing products | |
| Sugars | Chemical, HPLC | Sugar, Beverages, Confectioneries, other food products | |
| Cellulose | Spectrophotometer | Vegetables, fruits, feed, fiber | |
| Ethyl alcohol | Chemical | Alcoholic beverages | |
| Methyl alcohol | GC | Alcoholic beverages | |
| Higher alcohols | Spectrophotometer GC /Chemical | Alcoholic beverages | |
| Esters | GC | Alcoholic beverages | |
| Total nitrogen | Kjeldahl Unit | Food & feed products | |
| Aldehydes, furfurals | GC | Alcoholic drinks & beverages, Honey | |
| Ash | Muffle furnace | Food & feed products | |
| Crude fiber | Chemical | Animal feeds, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses, Starch & starchy products | |
| Dietary fiber | Enzymatic | Functional foods, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses | |
| Soluble fiber | Chemical | Functional foods, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses | |
| Insoluble fiber | Chemical | Functional foods, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses | |
| Pectin | Chemical | Fruit & vegetable products | |
| Amino acid profile | HPLC | Infant food, Neutraceuticals | |
| Fatty acid profile | GC | Vegetable oils and fat, egg | |
| trans-Fatty acids | GC FTIR | Vegetable oils, Ghee | |
| Water and oil soluble vitamins | HPLC Spectroflourometer | Infants, Herbal drinks, Infant food | |
| Phytochemicals | TLC HPLC | Herbal products, Functional foods | |
| Flavinoids | TLC Spectrophotometer | Neutraceuticals | |
| Alkaloids | Chemical | Tobacco products, Tea & Coffee | |
| Acid insoluble ash | Chemical | ||
| Whey protein nitrogen index | Chemical | Milk powder | |
| Phosphatase activity | Spectrophotometer | Milk and milk powder | |
| Alpha amylase activity | Falling Number / Spectrophotometer | Cereal flour, Barley, Malt | |
| b -Carotene | HPLC Spectrophotometer | Vegetable oils, meat | |
| Menthol | GC | Pan masala, Tobacco products | |
| Tannin | Spectrophotometer Chemical | Tea, Coffee, Arecanut (Betelnut) | |
| Caffeine | HPLC Spectrophotometer | Coffee, Tea, Carbonated beverages | |
| Cholesterol , Phyto-sterols | HPLC GC Spectrophotometer | Egg, ghee, vegetable oils | |
| Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Manganese, Zinc, Silver, Gold, etc. | AAS | Raw and processed food products | |
| Chloride, Fluoride, Cyanide, Iodide, etc. | Specific ion analyser | Processed food products | |
| METALLIC CONTAMINANTS | |||
| Arsenic, Mercury, Lead, Copper, Cadmium, Tin, Aluminum, Nickel, Iron, etc. | AAS | Food products, feed, additives, Canned foods | |
BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS |
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| E. coli, Samonella, S. aureus, Shigella,Campylobacter,Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium sp. | Microbiological methods ELISA | Dairy products, processed food products | |
| Enterotoxin, Mycotoxins (Alfatoxins, Ochratoxin) | HPLC / ELISA | Peanuts, Animal feeds, Milk | |
DRUGS & HORMONES |
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| Chloramphenicol | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | |
| Nitrofurans (Furazolidone, Furatadone, Nitrofurantoin, Nitrofurazone) | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | |
| Sulfonamide (Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfadoxine, Sulfamerazine, Sulfanilamide, Sulfamethoxy pyridazine, Sulfathiazol, Trimethoprim) | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | |
| Streptomycin | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | |
| Tetracycline (Tetracyclin, Oxytetracyclin, Chlortetracyclin, Doxycyclin) | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | |
| Oxytocin | HPLC / RIA | Milk | |
| Ronidazole | LC-MS-MS | Milk | |
| b -lactum | ELISA | Milk | |
| Steroids | TLC | Herbal products | |
| RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS | |||
| Cs-134, Cs-137, I-131, Sr-90, Am-241, Pt-239 | Alpha, Beta and Gamma Counter | Milk powder, Chilly, fruits, vegetables, processed food products | |
| CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS | |||
| Dioxins | HPLC | Milk powder | |
| RESIDUAL PESTICIDES | |||
| Organochlorine compounds (Hexachlorobenzene,Chlorobenzilate , pp-DDT, op-DDT, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, HCH (all isomers), Lindane, Vinclozolin) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | |
| Organophosphorus compounds (Coumaphos, Malathion, Phosalone) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | |
| Pyrethriod compounds (Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Permethrin, Fenvalerate, Fluvalinate) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | |
| Carbamates (Carbofuran, Propoxur, carbaryl) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | |
| Miscellaneous compounds (Amitraz, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionine) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | |
| FOOD ADDITIVES | |||
| TBHQ, BHA, BHT | HPLC GC-MS Spectrophotometer | Oil and fat, fat-rich products | |
| monoglycerides | Chemical | Processed food products | |
| Emulsifiers | Chemical | Processed food products | |
| Artificial & natural colours | HPLC TLC Spectrophotometer | Processed food products | |
| Artificial sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, etc.) | HPLC | Carbonated beverages, Low calorie products | |
| Benzoic acid, Sorbic acid, Propionic acid | Chemical | Processed food products | |
ADULTERANTS |
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| Gambier | TLC | Catechu | |
| Urea | Spectophotometer | Milk | |
| Neutralizer | Chemical | Milk | |
| Starch | Chemical Spectrophotometer | Milk | |
| Preservatives (Fomaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide) |
HPLC/Spectrophotometer | Food products | |
| Detergents | Chemical | Milk | |
| Argemone | TLC | Mustard oil | |
| Mineral oil, Animal body fat | TLC/FTIR | Vegetable oil, Ghee, processed food products | |
| Banned / Non-permitted dyes & colours | HPLC/ LC-MS-MS | Processed food products, Vegetables | |
PACKAGING MATERIALS |
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| Tin, Chromium | AAS | Tin plate | |
| Sulphide stain | Chemical | Food cans | |
| Laquer | Physical Chemical | Tin cans | |
| Migration tests | Chemical | Food grade plastics | |
| Heavy metals like Pb, As, Cd, Se, Ba, | AAS | Coloured plastics | |
| Water vapour permeability | Humidity chamber | Plastics | |
| Identification of plastic materials | Chemical FTIR DSC | Food packaging materials | |
| Physical tests | Thickness gauge Universal testing machine Elmendrof tear tester Dart impact tester |
Plastic packages | |
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